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Body image and self-acceptance are struggles everyone faces at different points in life, whether during adolescence, puberty, or adulthood. These challenges can bring moments of self-doubt, but they also teach us important lessons about learning to love and embrace ourselves. In this interview, I got the chance to speak with Kimora, a junior, who has been through a lot when it comes to her body image. From being told she was “too skinny” as a child to struggling with the pressure of societal standards, Kimora opens up about how these experiences affected her mental health and relationships. But through it all, she’s learned to embrace her body and love herself more each day. This conversation is a reminder of how hard it can be to accept ourselves, but also how important it is to surround ourselves with people who truly care and support us. Kimora’s journey shows that self-love is possible, even when things feel tough. What moments in adolescence made you struggle most with body image? For most of my life, I grew up as a skinny girl. I was always told I looked like a stick and needed to put some “meat” on my bones. It never used to bother me before. I liked the way I looked and I didn’t care what others had to say about it. That was until quarantine hit. During my 7th grade year, I noticed I started putting on weight, a lot. I didn’t really care at first but I realized that my thighs started getting bigger, and my face got fatter. I didn’t mind it because I’ve always wanted to gain weight since I was known for being skinny but then I kept gaining it. It got to a point where I’d be self conscious about what I wear, how I look to others, and whether or not I was getting made fun of. It took a toll on me because I stopped eating as much, I would only drink water and would try to eat at least once a day. As time moved on, I learned to accept that my body is simply going to change as I get older. I started to embrace the way I look, though I was still a little insecure, but I slowly started to love my body again. I know there are many people out there who have or are going through body image problems and we are never alone. We just learn to embrace our bodies for what they are. No matter what other people think about us. How did societal beauty standards influence how you saw yourself growing up? I would always see on shows or on the internet how people love thick girls, girls who have a butt. As a young girl, I would always compare myself to how they looked and how I looked. The standards in society were very confusing growing up. If you weren’t thick, they would say you need to gain weight, but if you were skinny, they would comment on how you needed more meat on your body. It’s like no matter what figure you had, it wasn’t enough. How did body image issues impact your relationships during your teen years? Being self-conscious of my body led to me projecting negative emotions onto others. I would look at my friends who had a nice build and say, 'Wow, I wish I looked like you,' or 'I would kill for a body like yours.' I wasn’t a big girl, but I wasn’t skinny either. As I said before, growing up really skinny and then gaining weight all of a sudden was a scary experience. I was struggling to accept my new look. I would constantly make remarks like this on a daily basis, and it got to a point where certain friends distanced themselves from me. I started to notice and ask them about it. They told me that, although I’m a nice person, me constantly making comments about my body and comparing it to theirs made it seem like I was being an attention seeker. They said I was trying to make them feel bad because I had issues with my figure and trying to make them look 'bad.' After that, I started to isolate myself from people. I lost some friends because I felt like anything I said would come off badly, so I’d rather not speak at all. As a young teen, that took a toll on my mental health, and I started to wonder if I was the problem. As time went on, I learned to find comfort in being by myself and not really caring to make friends anymore. What helped you start overcoming negative body imagine, and who supported you? It was my freshman year of high school. I was excited but also nervous. I was entering a whole different environment with people older than me who had way more experience. My first week at the school, I noticed a lot of plus-size females/males were very confident. They weren’t embarrassed to show their skin. They didn’t care if some people stared or if people made sly remarks about them. They kept their heads up and embraced their bodies for what they were.  I remember one day I found the courage to go up to this one girl. I don’t recall her name, but she was definitely one of the sweetest people I’ve ever met. Her energy was so refreshing and positive. I asked her how she learned to accept herself for who she truly is. She told me a story of how she used to get made fun of during her middle school years, and it really affected her. But along the way, she learned that no matter what you do, you can’t please anyone. People are gonna talk, make fun of you, try to embarrass you, but it’s what you choose to take from the outcome. She found happiness within herself, and that was all that mattered. Hearing that really touched something in me. From that day on, I started to truly embrace myself. I no longer hid my stomach when wearing crop tops. I didn’t care what others might say if they saw my stomach or if I wore a dress or not. It truly felt refreshing to not care what others might say. During these times, I had my best friends Jazmine, Layla, Damario, and Kayla—those I consider family—by my side. They never once made me feel like I wasn’t enough, and I am forever grateful to have such amazing people in my life. What advice would you give to someone struggling with body image today?  Love yourself, embrace who you truly are, no matter what you think people around you might say. In this society, nothing you do will ever be good enough for everybody, and that’s okay. As long as you love yourself and don’t care about what others think. Surround yourself with people who truly want the best for you—people who bring out the best in you. Having people you love be there for you during hard times in your life is a different type of love. In conclusion, the journey to self-acceptance and body image is a deeply personal experience that everyone goes through in their own way. While the path can be filled with challenges and moments of doubt, it ultimately teaches us the importance of self-love, embracing our uniqueness, and surrounding ourselves with people who support and uplift us. With time and growth, we can learn to accept and appreciate ourselves for who we truly are.

Varsity Cheer at Hamilton West In this interview, Nala Smith, a 12th grader at Hamilton West, shares a deeply personal story of resilience and growth. The challenges of depression, grief, and toxic relationships have shaped her perspective on mental health, teaching her the importance of self-awareness, empathy, and authentic connections. Despite immense loss and hardship, Nala has found strength in prioritizing her well-being and staying true to herself. Her journey is a powerful reminder that healing is a process, not a destination, and that even in the darkest moments, there is always hope for growth and empowerment. Below are 5 questions I asked Nala, diving into her personal experiences and journey with mental health. We hope this article allows others who may be going through the same experience to know that life will get better and to always keep your head up. 1. How have your experiences with depression and grief shaped your perspective on mental health? My experiences with depression and grief have taught me how important it is to prioritize mental health and seek help when needed. I’ve learned that healing is not linear, and it’s okay to have setbacks as long as you keep working toward progress. It’s also given me more empathy for others who may be struggling silently. 2. How has feeling misunderstood affected your self-esteem and relationships? Feeling misunderstood has deeply impacted both my self-esteem and my relationships. It has led me to question my value, especially when those I expected to understand me, (family, friends, & teachers), were absent during my darkest times, such as while I was grieving & going through my depression in general. I had hoped for support , but I literally can count on one hand the number of people who truly showed up for me. This lack of understanding and support has caused a lot of my relationships to go downhill; I’ve distanced myself from certain family members and past friends because I felt like they didn’t care about my well-being or my feelings. While this has been painful, it’s also been a hard lesson in prioritizing authentic connections and letting go of relationships that don’t serve my well-being. Ultimately, I’ve learned to appreciate the small circle of people who genuinely love and support me for who I am. 3. What role has therapy or counseling played in managing your mental health? Therapy and counseling have been crucial in helping me navigate my emotions and develop healthy coping mechanisms. My early years in therapy provided a foundation for self-awareness, and the SAC counselors I’ve spoken to have been a consistent support system. They’ve reminded me that I don’t have to face everything alone. I refer to the SAC counselor over at Grice and the one here at West as the two women who saved me. 4. How did losing your grandparents before graduation impact your school life and personal growth? Losing my grandparents has been one of the hardest things I’ve faced, especially since they were my best friends. Despite me having my parents in my life, my grandparents played a huge role in raising me. Grieving made my school/social life more challenging, but it’s also pushed me to work harder to honor their memory. Yes, it has been extremely hard, but their loss has taught me resilience & strengthened my determination to succeed despite the pain. I truly believe I’ve grown a lot since my grandmother passed away last December. I thought since I no longer had either one of them, I would’ve completely lost myself & go a horrible route, but instead it pushed me to motivation , & telling myself to not give up. The one thing both of my grandparents told me since I was a little girl was , “We’re not going to be here forever, & we can be gone in a blink of an eye, but don’t let that push you away from your dreams.” “Never give up on your dreams & strive for greatness, no matter what.” 5. How did you rebuild your sense of self after a toxic relationship? Rebuilding myself after that toxic relationship has been a long & ongoing process. I’ve always taken relationships seriously, so of course, it hurt deeply to go through that. To this day, I’m still working on rebuilding myself, but now that I’m a little older, my perspective has changed. I’m more focused on reconnecting with my passions and the things that really matter. Stepping back into my leadership roles, realizing that some things are just for the time being & not for the future, & leaning on the very few people in my support system for strength & encouragement. Ultimately, I’ve come to realize my worth, & made a commitment to prioritize my happiness and well-being above all else. Do you have any last words? I started my period at 10, and living with dysmenorrhea has been a constant struggle. My periods are so painful that I can’t get out of bed, concentrate in class, often screaming in pain during the night, nausea, fatigue, any many more symptoms that comes with dysmenorrhea and nothing helps!! Not showers, heating pads, painkillers, or exercise, which are things that that are supposed to help. I’ve missed school, cheer practice, and work because of it, and my doctors have had to keep increasing my medication as my body grows resistant. My dad even refers to my periods as me being “sick” because of how debilitating they are. I know there are others out there dealing with the same thing, or even worse, and I truly hope they find answers because this can be such a heavy factor in depression, as it has been for me. The pain, frustration, and inability to cope have made this a battle that feels impossible at times. Nala’s story is one of incredible strength, resilience, and self-discovery. Through her struggles with grief, depression, and the complexities of relationships, she has learned to navigate life's toughest challenges with grace and determination. Her willingness to share her journey offers a powerful reminder that we are never alone in our struggles and that healing often comes from the most unexpected places. Nala’s commitment to prioritize her well-being, honor her loved ones, and continue growing despite the pain is truly inspiring. Her story reminds us all to be kind to ourselves, to seek support when needed, and to never give up, no matter how difficult the road may seem. Resources National Suicide Prevention Lifeline Phone:  1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) Website:   suicidepreventionlifeline.org Text:  Text “HELLO” to 741741 for the Crisis Text Line. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) Helpline:  1-800-950-NAMI (1-800-950-6264) Website:   nami.org Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline:  1-800-662-HELP (1-800-662-4357) Website:   samhsa.gov Trevor Project (for LGBTQ+ youth) Phone:  1-866-488-7386 Text:  Text “START” to 678678 Website:   thetrevorproject.org International Resources Befrienders Worldwide:  Provides emotional support and crisis resources globally. Visit   befrienders.org . Samaritans:  In the UK and Ireland, call 116 123 or visit   samaritans.org . If you or someone you know is in crisis, please reach out to these resources for support. You are not alone, and help is available. Reach Nala Smith's Instagram: Instagram: @ laviish.nala

In this interview, we speak with Hayden, a sophomore in high school, who shares the intense moments of a fall at the Nationals competition, resulting in her tailbone being injured. From overwhelming stress before entering the show ring to the lessons learned from the injury, Hayden's journey through recovery reveals the mental and physical challenges athletes face. Horse riding competitively is extremely dangerous, Hayden states, "...you're working with a 1200 pound animal that doesn't speak your language. It's a hard thing to learn." She goes on to answer questions about her experiences. 1. What was your mindset before starting the barrel pattern at the Nationals? My mindset before entering the show ring this year was very hectic. I started off ready, but as soon as my number was called, I fell into a lot of stress and pressure. I was really overwhelmed and, at that moment, had no interest in running my horse that day 2. Can you walk us through the moment you lost your balance and fell? I had been running to my 3rd barrel, and at the second, I was not prepared for it. The moment I lost my balance was actually mid-turn on my last barrel. I was at the midpoint and sat too far forward. I realized I had lost my stirrup after 3 strides around the turn. I made it halfway down the ring before tensing up, and my horse crow-hopped because I accidentally kicked her in the flank. Next thing you know, I was on the ground. 3. How did you feel immediately after the fall? When I fell, my adrenaline was going so fast that honestly I don’t remember half of it. I remember the pain of landing on my tailbone and crying in pain. I blacked out at that moment. Then, once I regained consciousness, I realized I was unable to get up by myself. My legs were shot with pain, and my head was pounding. 4. What kind of care did you receive after the injury? The care I received for this injury was less than you would have thought. For tailbone injuries, there’s really nothing you can do. I took lots of painkillers and wasn’t allowed to do anything that involved bending over, riding, lifting anything heavy, etc. The no riding took a big toll on my mental health during the 2-month healing process. Walking was a struggle for me, so I stopped showing up to school for about 2 weeks. There was no way for me to get comfortable, and it became super irritating, but I continued to rest. 5. What lessons did you take away from the experience? The lesson I took from this experience was really just to never let my guard down. I should’ve known better than to run my horse while I was so amped up in my head already. I put us both in a very dangerous position, and I’m so grateful we both walked out safely. She really tries her best to take care of me when we are showing. I will always ride with purpose now. Knowing I could’ve ended up with something broken, paralyzed, or even dead haunts me. Hayden’s experience at Nationals wasn’t just a lesson in physical recovery—it was a reminder of how important mental preparation is in any competition. The fall, which could have had far more serious consequences, taught her the value of staying focused and never letting stress take over. As Hayden continues to heal, her story serves as a powerful reminder of the risks involved in the sport and the importance of always riding with purpose. Reach her Instagram: @iheartdrpep

Ziare (Zi) Dye, a sophomore at Hamilton West High School and a standout player on the varsity football team, knows how quickly things can change on the field. Wearing number 6, Ziare recently faced a major setback when he broke his clavicle during a game. In this interview, Ziare talks about what happened, how he’s been handling his recovery, and the challenges he’s faced both physically and mentally. Despite the injury, he’s staying focused and determined to get back on the field stronger than before. In this interview, I focused on the questions asked on the clavicle injury Zi went through, as well as the surgery and the recovery process.  1. How did the clavicle injury happen, and what led to the break? During a football game earlier in the season, I suffered a broken clavicle. While running a route, the quarterback underthrew the ball. In an attempt to catch it, I dove, landing directly on my collarbone, which resulted in the bone snapping in half. 2. What treatment did you receive, and how did doctors decide on surgery? In the first week following the injury, I was placed in a sling and prescribed pain medication while awaiting surgery. Prior to finalizing the decision for surgical intervention, I underwent four separate X-ray procedures. Ultimately, the doctors determined that surgery was necessary to address the fracture. The surgical team opted to insert a clavicle hook plate and secure it with seven screws to stabilize my collarbone. 3. How did you feel going into surgery, and was anything about the procedure challenging? Before undergoing surgery, I didn’t feel bad about anything, trusting in the expertise of the medical professionals and knowing I would be under anesthesia during the procedure. The surgery itself was straightforward, taking approximately one hour to complete. Waking up from anesthesia required an additional two hours, but the entire process proceeded without complications. 4. What was the recovery process like, and how long until you regained full mobility? The recovery process was extremely challenging, significantly impacting my ability to perform everyday tasks such as moving, sleeping, or preparing meals. I relied heavily on others for assistance, as I was unable to manage even basic activities on my own. Sleeping was particularly difficult, as I had to remain in a specific position for comfort. Most days, I could do little more than sit and watch television. Now, nearly two months post-injury, I have regained the ability to handle daily activities, though I still lack full mobility. I have been advised not to participate in sports until January. While I am uncertain about returning to football, I plan to continue competing in track and field, particularly in jumping events. 5. What unexpected challenges or lessons came from the injury and recovery? How did it affect your daily life? One of the most unexpected challenges stemming from this injury was its impact on my mental health. I frequently found myself reflecting on what I could have done differently to prevent the injury. While opinions may vary, for me, the pain I experienced during the first month was the most intense I have ever endured—every breath and sudden movement brought sharp discomfort. Although the injury did not significantly disrupt my daily routine, it profoundly affected my interactions with others. It hindered my ability to engage in conversations and prevented me from being my true self around friends and family, creating a sense of isolation during the recovery process. Ziare Dye's injury and recovery have been tough, but they’ve also shown how strong he really is. Even with the pain and challenges, he’s stayed focused on getting back to his best. His journey has taught him a lot about patience and how important it is to stay mentally strong, not just physically. As he continues to recover, Ziare is determined to come back even stronger, whether it's on the football field or in track. His story is a reminder that no matter what obstacles you face, with hard work and a positive attitude, you can overcome them and keep pushing forward.

Concussions are a serious risk in sports, affecting athletes in many ways beyond just physical injury. Whether from a hard hit in football, a fall in cheerleading, or a collision in soccer, the impact can lead to lasting effects on daily life, schoolwork, and mental health.  A concussion is a type of brain injury caused by a blow or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function. It can lead to symptoms like headaches, dizziness, confusion, and memory problems. While most concussions are not life-threatening, they can have serious long-term effects if not properly treated and allowed to heal. Athletes like Ismael Del Toro, Xianna, Suzie Sloh, Chloe Salles-Acevedo, Victoria Mazur, Danilynn Conte, Clare Gerdes, and Caylee Muni shared their personal experiences with concussions, revealing how the injury changed their routines and forced them to take a step back from the sports they love. Their stories highlight the importance of recognizing the seriousness of concussions, getting proper treatment, and allowing time to heal. Listed below are the 3 questions I asked these athletes: Can you describe the moment you got your concussion? What happened? How did your daily routine or activities change while you were recovering? What kind of support or treatment helped you the most during your recovery? What advice would you give to someone who just got a concussion? Ismael Del Toro Senior, Swim When I was in one of my swim meets against Lawrence, I was doing the 200 IM, and I was on backstroke when it happened. I couldn’t see because my goggles had water in them, and I hit my head really hard on the wall. I couldn’t breathe when it happened, but I finished the race in second place. Afterward, it felt like I was going to pass out when I got out of the water, so I went to the trainer. The next day, I passed out for a while when I was home. Well, I couldn’t be on my phone a lot, and I had to take it really easy during practice. I couldn’t do much and had to relax and watch everyone else swim, but I couldn’t join in. If you’re ever swimming fast and beating someone, make sure you know how far you are from anything so you don’t accidentally hit yourself. Xianna Senior, Cheerleader I’ve had many concussions, but with my most recent one, it happened a little differently. It was during a basket toss, and the girl came down in an uncoordinated way and ended up hitting me in the head. The force of her body weight made the impact worse. Her fist hit my face and slid down. At first, I didn’t get it treated because I had two weeks until competition. It wasn’t until I passed out at competition that I took it seriously. I still did my routine normally—school, work—but I wore sunglasses and took breaks when needed. Take it seriously. Don’t wait it out; get treated immediately. Long-term effects are real—my memory is still not the best. Danilynn Conte Sophomore, Soccer A ball was played into the box from outside the 18-yard line, reflecting off a corner kick. I went to head the ball hoping to score, but instead, I collided with the other team’s goalie. As she tried to hit the ball out of the air, her head struck mine with a lot of force. The first thing I remember was a throbbing pain in my head, although thankfully, I didn’t black out or lose consciousness. I sat on the bench for the rest of the second half, but even when I tried to get up, I felt dizzy. My coach directed me to go to the trainer. I felt better the next day, and since this happened during a tournament, I (stupidly) played a whole game after the hit. The dizziness and other symptoms started after that, when I got home. The biggest changes were my inability to participate in school due to bad headaches and my inability to get back to playing travel soccer (this happened after high school spring sports and during travel soccer). It was difficult to do simple work in class, especially when it involved laptops, as I was told to stay off devices with screens. Resting whenever I could and avoiding bright lights and screens helped the most. My biggest piece of advice would be to listen 100% to the doctors when they say to stay off your phone. The screen makes headaches much worse (at least for me). I found that coloring was a fun and entertaining alternative to keep myself off my phone. Chloe Salles-Acevedo Junior, Volleyball I was playing volleyball when someone spiked the ball really hard into my head, and I ended up collapsing from the impact. It felt like my entire brain had shaken—it was awful. Later that day, my mom took me to the ER, and they said I had a mild concussion. Resting was the most important part of my recovery, and staying off electronics to let my brain rest. This helped avoid making it worse. Just rest, try to sleep, and stay off electronics. If you’re going outside, wear sunglasses. Victoria Mazur Senior, Basketball This happened during a basketball game on December 19th, 2022. I got the ball thrown at my face by the other team really hard. I spent less time on my phone and watching TV until my headaches went away. My family’s support really helped me through. Take care of yourself during the process, and don’t do anything that will make it worse or cause more pain. Suzie Sloh Senior, Cheerleading We were stunting (lifting a girl up), and she fell on me. My head hit the ground, and when I tried to get up, I felt a sharp pain in my head. My screen time decreased significantly. Doing schoolwork became a challenge because my vision was blurred, I suffered from chronic headaches, and I couldn’t get up too fast without feeling sharp pains in my head. Rest, rest, rest. Give your eyes a break from screens, and do schoolwork in moderation. Clare Gerdes Sophomore, Cheerleading I was stunting, and I fell from the stunt onto my butt. My head flew back on impact. I wasn’t allowed to use my phone and had to rest, just staring at the ceiling. It was very isolating, and I couldn’t do a lot of the things I wanted to do. I didn’t go to school when it happened, and I had to get cleared by not only my doctor but by Ms. Jen. She made me do certain exercises and take the impact test, which I failed twice and had to retake. Drink a lot of water and stay off your phone—your phone will make your headache worse. Take it easy, and don’t force yourself to do anything right away. Caylee Muni Sophomore, Cheerleading When I first got my concussion, I didn’t even think it was a concussion because I got hit on the side of my face during cheer. I honestly just thought I’d get a bruise, and it just really hurt. But as the day went on, my headache got worse and worse. During a stunt, I had to throw my flyer in the air and catch her, but when she went to flip, half of her body hit my face. I remember how bad it hurt, and I ran out of the gym to catch my breath. I couldn’t cheer, and cheer is like my escape from things, so it made everything a lot more stressful. I started sleeping more, and I didn’t want to do anything because of how bad my head hurt—I just wanted it to stop. My friends and family were a huge support and helped me a lot. Take it easy. It’s going to be very stressful, and you might not know what to do at first, but make sure to let yourself relax and not get too overwhelmed. Rest, rest, rest! Even though the headache might still come back when you’re up, resting helps in the long run. In conclusion, the experiences shared by Ismael, Xianna, Suzie, Chloe, Victoria, Danilynn, Clare, and Caylee highlight how concussions can deeply affect athletes both physically and emotionally. Their stories emphasize the importance of proper care, rest, and seeking immediate treatment to ensure a full recovery. By following medical advice and taking time to heal, athletes can prevent long-term issues and return to their sports safely. Resources: Here are some helpful resources about concussions in sports, their impact, and how to manage recovery: 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Concussion in Sports This resource offers valuable information on what concussions are, how they occur in sports, symptoms, and recovery guidelines. CDC Concussion in Sports 2. The Concussion Legacy Foundation Focuses on brain health and the long-term effects of concussions, especially for athletes. Offers educational resources and support for individuals affected by concussions. Concussion Legacy Foundation 3. Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA) Provides comprehensive resources on brain injuries, including concussions, and their impact on athletes. They also offer support groups and information on concussion prevention. BIAA 4. Sports Concussion Institute A leading organization in concussion treatment and prevention, with research, articles, and resources to help athletes, coaches, and parents. Sports Concussion Institute 5. National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Offers resources for athletes and athletic trainers on concussion management, including prevention, recognition, and treatment. NATA Concussion Resources

“In my first varsity minute freshman year, as a shot went up, I went to box (the shooter) out and turned to face the basket. The ball didn’t go in and was rebounded, so I went to face the girl, but as I turned, my knee dislocated.” Ava Frascella, a junior at Hamilton High West, dislocated her knee at her varsity basketball game against Notre Dame on January 27, 2023. Her life stopped because of this one moment, leading to a big surgery to get her knee back in shape. With the difficulties and obstacles she faced throughout her recovery, she stayed strong regardless of when she was pushed back. I interviewed Frascella, gaining insight into her operations and her recovery.  Describe past experiences and problems regarding your knee.  Throughout my life, I've had knee problems, but we were never sure what the issue was exactly. My knee used to dislocate a lot when I was younger and still growing. As I got older, it only dislocated during certain movements and when it got fatigued. In seventh grade (2020), I had my first surgery on my left knee. At softball practice, I stepped in a divot in the grass as I was throwing, and my knee dislocated. I shook it off and practiced the rest of the time in pain. My knee was sore and extremely swollen for the next two days, but I pushed myself and played in my tournament that weekend with a brace on. I played two prior games before my knee dislocated again while I was warming up to pitch. I started the game, but I was in extreme pain and could barely walk. I eventually came out of the game and was rushed to the emergency room. I didn't get many answers from the ER, so I followed up with my orthopedic doctors at CHOP. When my mom reached out and told my normal doctor what had happened, she recommended that I go to a specialist surgeon and get an MRI. After I had the MRI, I met with the surgeon, and she explained that my kneecap was completely dislocated and on the side of my leg, which is why my leg was so swollen. She also told me that my MPFL ligament (which controls the kneecap's movements from side to side) was extremely loose, which is why my kneecap didn’t go back into place, and that a piece of cartilage had broken off when my knee dislocated. So, what my surgeon did was reset my kneecap into the correct spot where it is supposed to sit, tighten my MPFL, and remove the piece of cartilage. I was injured on October 3rd, 2020, and my surgery was on November 4th, 2020. I started physical therapy in December and finished at the end of April. During physical therapy, I was very determined to return to softball better than ever. What happened during the basketball game? Can you describe the feeling and what you were thinking when the incident occurred? During the basketball game on January 27th, 2023, I dislocated my left knee once again. It happened in my first varsity minute of my freshman year. I was defending a girl when a shot went up. I went to box her out and turned to face the basket. When the ball didn’t go in and was rebounded, I turned to face the girl again, and that’s when my knee dislocated. In that split second, my whole life felt torn apart. I knew as soon as I fell that my knee had dislocated and that I would need surgery again. I was crying in pain, not only from my knee but also from the fear of knowing I wouldn't be able to return to softball for a while. A few days later, I saw my surgeon again. When she walked through the door, she said, “We've been expecting you.” She explained that my femur (which holds the kneecap in place) was flat, causing my knee to dislocate frequently. This condition is called patellofemoral dysplasia. She then clarified that my first surgery was only a temporary fix because they couldn't perform the more extensive surgery I would need a few months later due to my age and the growth still left in my growth plate. If I had undergone that surgery, it could have severely stunted my growth and worsened my leg issues. She recommended that I see a specialist surgeon. Before meeting the new surgeon, I had to get another MRI. When I finally met with the new surgeon, he reiterated what my first surgeon had said. He also mentioned that my right knee had the same problem, but since I wasn't experiencing pain and it wasn’t dislocating, I didn’t require surgery on that knee yet. He explained the upcoming surgery to me: he would shave down my femur to create a groove for my kneecap to stay in place and tighten my MPFL ligament again. Hearing this made me feel almost relieved because I finally had an answer as to why my knees would hurt or dislocate, and there was a solution. However, I was also extremely scared about undergoing another surgery. I became very upset at the thought of not being able to play softball or any sports for a long time. What was the process of setting up for the surgery like? Can you describe the setup and surgery? Leading up to the surgery l lived my somewhat normal life, I wore a brace as I walked for extra support but I wasn't in pain because my knee was in place. The surgery was painful and uncomfortable but every day the pain got better! What was the advised therapy and exercise you had to do after surgery? After my surgery, I was given a machine that would bend my knee for me because all the muscles in my leg were extremely weak and sore. Along with the machine bending my knee three times a day, I started physical therapy two weeks later. They began by having me do small table exercises, such as bending my knee and engaging my quad muscles.  I began to walk a week after starting physical therapy, helping my bones and muscles adjust to the new alignment of my knee and femur. However, during the first month or so, I struggled to bend my knee past a certain point because my brace was still locked for day-to-day activities. This limitation caused a lot of pain, as my joints would become very stiff. Once my brace was unlocked, I was able to do so much more because my knee could bend further. As I continued with physical therapy, the exercises gradually became harder to increase strength in my entire leg. The ultimate goal was to get me back to playing sports, so they were pushing me hard to regain my strength and flexibility. How well is your knee doing now and how likely is it for you to dislocate your knee again? Now, a year and 7 months later my knee is doing fantastic! It rarely gives me pain and it is stronger than it has ever been! My knee is somewhat just like everyone else's and has a small chance of dislocating again! Ava shared that while her surgery didn’t change her lifestyle, it significantly altered her mindset. “Last summer, I was a little depressed because I wasn't making the progress I wanted, and I wanted to return to sports. But I got myself through that dark period, and now I’m happy, enjoying life, and back to playing sports!” She noted that the only lifestyle change has been to be more careful, knowing that her right knee has the same issues as her left. When asked for advice for others going through a similar experience, Ava emphasized, “Don’t give up! It may seem like your life is ending, but it’s only a small chapter in your life. You will get through it and come out stronger than ever!” Reflecting on her journey, Ava expressed gratitude: “I am grateful for everything that has happened to me because it has made me appreciate everything and has shaped who I am!” In conclusion, Ava Frascella’s journey through the challenges of knee dislocation and surgery is a testament to resilience and determination. From her initial injury on the basketball court to her extensive recovery process, Ava has not only faced physical challenges but also navigated the emotional hurdles that accompany such life-altering events. Her story underscores the importance of seeking help, following medical advice, and staying committed to rehabilitation. Ava's positive mindset and dedication have led her to a place where she can once again enjoy the sports she loves, while also serving as an inspiration to others facing similar struggles. As she aptly puts it, “It’s only a small chapter in your life,” reminding us all that with perseverance, we can emerge stronger from our setbacks. Reach Ava Frascella's Instagram and Twitter: Instagram: @avafrasc @ a.fr ascella.2026 Twitter: @afrascella_2026

Growing up, you've probably never known the difference between a virus or bacterial infection. I know I didn't. Whenever I came down with a common cold or sickness, I simply took whatever was on hand in the medicine cabinet. "I'm sure all medicine will work the same anyway." I reassured myself. However, what will you do when nothing appears to be alleviating the flu you caught in late December, and all those antibiotics not only fail to improve your condition but actually make it worse? Well, I remember my 10th grade biology class, in which my teacher, Mrs. Magby, made it exceptionally clear that viruses are not the same thing as bacteria. You see, while one is alive, the other seems to be a debate whether it is alive or not. Bacteria Biologically, bacteria are single celled organisms, otherwise known as prokaryotes. Unlike eukaryotic human cells, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, meaning that while they do have organelles, they aren't as complex as eukaryotic organelles. Bacteria have cell walls that provide strength and structure, allowing the cell to grow, reproduce, and regulate what comes in and out. Whether it be inside or outside the body, bacteria can survive on their own, reproduce on their own, and can survive in extreme heat and cold. In fact, you may believe that all bacteria are harmful, however that's far from the truth. In reality, we have plenty of bacteria in our bodies to help it function. Specifically, we have bacteria in our intestines and stomach called "gut microbiota" that work together to provide vitamins, immune defense, and digestions. On the contrary, bacterial infections are common and you can get them in any part of your body, including your gut, skin, sinuses, and urinary tract. In addition, these infections stem from bacteria entering the body through ways such as your mouth, eyes, nose, or contact with blood. All in which, when bacteria is transmitted, it is able to increase in number which causes an immune (a person's resistance to a disease) reaction. Viruses Viruses are not considered alive and can only last a few minutes without a host. They are microscopic particles, smaller than bacteria, consisting of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) inside of a protein coating. This protein coating, known as the capsid, serves as a shield for the genetic material, protecting it from environmental factors and containing surface proteins that allow the virus to attach to host cells. Viruses require a host—such as humans, animals, plants, or bacterial cells—to replicate and survive, as they cannot reproduce on their own. Essentially, they carry the genetic instructions to produce more copies of themselves within the host. This virus can spread to other parts of the body and infect new organisms. The flu, common cold, and COVID-19 are all common diseases and are life-threatening. These viruses can be contagious and some spread through the air in respiratory droplets when someone with the virus sneezes, coughs or exhales. However, not all viruses are bad either. Some viruses are used as treatments in alternative to antibiotics, such as bacteriophages. Bacteriophages can be found in the intestines to target and eliminate bacteria, including harmful ones. Some traditional vaccines even contain part a weakened form of the virus that it is trying to fight. By weakening this virus and inputting it into our bodies, it enhances our immune system's ability to fight off the actual virus if ever exposed to it in the future. Difference in Treatments Bacterial infections can be directly treated, while viruses must be managed in order to be resolved. In some cases, bacterial infections can subside on its own, however, if that is not the case, a physician can prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics are chemical compounds designed to target and destroy the bacteria's growth by blocking a cellular process that's necessary for the bacteria to continue to grow. There are many ways to prevent bacterial infections such as antiseptics and disinfectants. Antiseptics are used on living tissues to reduce the risk of infection, such as before surgery or on minor wounds. Disinfectants are applied to non-living surfaces to kill bacteria and other pathogens, ensuring clean environments and medical instruments. Both help prevent and control bacterial infections effectively. Viruses can't be treated with antibiotics because of the protein coating that surrounds them. While bacteria have cell walls that make it possible to be attacked and destroyed by antibiotics, the protein coating allows them to be resistant. Treating your body with antibiotics at this point may cause more damage than good, as it can promote antibiotic-resistant properties. In this case, the bacteria eventually evade to the effect of antibiotics and will make it more difficult or impossible to treat in the future. The best way to manage the virus is by focusing on reliving symptoms. While your immune system combats the virus on its own, its best to rest, hydrate, and taking over-the-counter medicine. Additionally, it's also possible to use antiviral medicines to support recovery and stop viral reproduction. Bacterial and viral infections can be sometimes difficult to diagnose. Observing the varying symptoms closely can help to identify whether or not it is bacterial or viral. It helps to ask a healthcare provider and get a careful review of your symptoms and lab results to figure out the best treatment plan.